Depression in Old Age Process or Outcome? Author: Dr. Ocak Korhan Özduru


Depression in old age represents one of the most significant yet frequently overlooked public health concerns of the twenty-first century. As populations continue to age worldwide, understanding the psychological challenges associated with later life becomes increasingly important. A central question in geriatric psychology concerns whether depression should be viewed primarily as a natural process associated with aging or as the outcome of biological, psychological, and social risk factors. This study examines contemporary perspectives regarding depression in later life by integrating findings from psychology, psychiatry, gerontology, neuroscience, and public health research. The article evaluates the influence of physical health decline, social isolation, bereavement, cognitive changes, socioeconomic factors, and resilience mechanisms. Findings suggest that depression is not an inevitable consequence of aging but rather the result of complex interactions among multiple variables. The study argues that understanding depression as an outcome rather than a normal aging process may improve prevention, diagnosis, and intervention strategies.


https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20578097



Effects Of Anxiety on Sexual Performance Author: Dr. Ocak Korhan Özduru


Anxiety is one of the most influential psychological factors affecting human sexual functioning. While sexuality is often viewed as a biological process, contemporary research demonstrates that psychological variables significantly influence desire, arousal, performance, satisfaction, and relational intimacy. Anxiety-related disturbances can affect both men and women, contributing to difficulties such as erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, reduced sexual desire, orgasmic problems, avoidance of intimacy, and relationship dissatisfaction. This study examines the relationship between anxiety and sexual performance from psychological, physiological, behavioral, and interpersonal perspectives. The article reviews current literature regarding performance anxiety, anticipatory fear, cognitive distortions, neurobiological mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions. Findings indicate that anxiety affects sexual functioning through multiple pathways involving attention, autonomic nervous system activation, hormonal regulation, self-esteem, and relationship dynamics. Understanding these mechanisms may facilitate more effective clinical interventions and improve sexual health outcomes.


https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20577798



Is Panic Attack A Form of Negative Hypnosis Author: Dr. Ocak Korhan Özduru


Panic attacks are among the most intense psychological and physiological experiences encountered in clinical practice. Individuals experiencing panic attacks frequently report sensations of imminent death, loss of control, suffocation, dizziness, and overwhelming fear despite the absence of an objective external threat. Interestingly, many of the cognitive mechanisms observed during panic attacks resemble processes commonly associated with hypnotic suggestion. Negative expectations, catastrophic interpretations, selective attention, and involuntary acceptance of threatening internal messages may create a state resembling spontaneous negative hypnosis. This article explores the relationship between panic attacks and hypnotic processes, examining whether panic attacks can be understood as a form of naturally occurring negative self-hypnosis. By integrating findings from clinical psychology, cognitive neuroscience, behavioral science, and hypnotherapy literature, the study evaluates similarities and differences between panic phenomena and hypnotic states. The findings suggest that panic attacks involve cognitive and attentional mechanisms that closely resemble hypnotic processes, although important distinctions remain regarding awareness, voluntary participation, and therapeutic intent.


https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20575416



DR. Ocak Korhan Özduru
Examination And Social Failure Anxiety


Examination and social failure anxiety represent two of the most common psychological concerns among adolescents and adults in modern societies. Increasing competition in education, employment, and social environments has intensified the pressure placed upon individuals to achieve success and avoid failure. Consequently, anxiety related to examinations and social performance has become a significant factor affecting psychological well-being, academic achievement, occupational productivity, and interpersonal relationships. This study examines the psychological mechanisms underlying examination and social failure anxiety, explores their cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physiological dimensions, and evaluates their effects on individual functioning. The article further discusses contemporary intervention strategies including cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based approaches, hypnotherapeutic interventions, resilience training, and educational support programs. Findings indicate that examination anxiety and fear of social failure are multidimensional phenomena influenced by personal experiences, family expectations, cultural norms, and neurobiological processes. Understanding these factors may contribute to the development of more effective prevention and treatment strategies.


https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20575012



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